Saladin (1137/1138–1193) was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of liberating the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims and freeing the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule. It was a perfect opportunity to live the way of life that they had been told was theirs. On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II makes perhaps the most influential speech of the Middle Ages, giving rise to the Crusades by calling all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in … and trans. The culture of those who prayed was also important. For almost two centuries, from 1090 until 1273, the Order of Assassins played a singular and sinister role in the Middle East. Early in 1963, civil rights leaders in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference … In the Middle East, both Christians and Muslims committed appalling atrocities in the name of religion. Norman Housley (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996), 42. The leadership of the Baháʼí Faith has created goal-oriented Baháʼí teaching plans, spanning 1-10 years at a time, to spread the Baháʼí Faith.The plans began in the 1930s and 1940s as teaching goals for certain countries and in 1953 became coordinated globally, often … "A memorandum by Fulk of Villaret, master of the Hospitallers, on the crusade to regain the Holy Land, c. 1305," in Documents on the Later Crusades, 1274-1580, ed. The crusade gave them an opportunity to do this without disobeying their superiors, incurring the wrath of the church, or putting their own lands at risk. Document 1 The Crusades failed in their chief goal: the conquest of the Holy Land. Initially, the goal of the Crusades was to recapture the Holy Land and Jerusalem from Muslim control. The goal of the crusade was to use tactics of non-violence. Of course, the Franj were summoned to a Holy War by the pope, who set as their chief goal the recovery of the tomb of Christ. The Seljuk Empire, which ruled over western Asia, was beginning to fall apart, and in 1244 a new clan of Muslim Turks, the Khwarismians, sacked Jerusalem, leaving few Christian survivors. John Porteous, "Crusade Coinage with Greek or Latin Inscriptions," in A History of the Crusades, 354. Cause of the Crusades The reason and cause of the crusades was a war between Christians and Moslems which centered around the city of Jerusalem and the Holy places of Palestine. End of the Crusades: Mongols, Mamluks, and MuslimsBy the middle of the thirteenth century the situation in the Middle East had grown completely chaotic. Gregorian Reform. They also left a bitter legacy of religious hatred behind them. 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