Segno in Tyrol, Austria (now Italy) We get the idea, but what does that mean in real terms? Dana’s description of this flogging proved very influential in changing the maritime laws to better protect a sailor’s human rights. The crewman is not an officer. It is very expressive to a sailor, and means to punish by hard work. Four years after Dana’s return from sea, Two Years before the Mast was published. A year later, Dana begins to write his narrative. 1 decade ago. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. He became known as a sympathetic supporter of sailors, and seamen sometimes trooped into his law office for legal aid. Brooks, Van Wyck. Haze is a word of frequent use on board ship…. The Pilgrim, the vessel on which Dana served, was a brig of considerable size, but at that time did not technically qualify as a “ship.” The ship designation was reserved for vessels with three or more masts. Chapter Summary for Richard Henry Dana's Two Years Before The Mast, chapters 33 35 summary. American explorer and politician After a voyage of 150 days from Boston, the Pilgrim drops anchor off Santa Barbara on January 14, 1835. Back in New England, leather businesses were growing and in need of more raw material. Mission at Santa Magdalena California exported about a million hides and more than 60 million pounds of tallow between 1826 and 1848. Directed by John Farrow. They can't take you from me. Twenty-one thriving missions were established between 1769 and 1830. Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana Jr ... "Some years ago the game ... What does 'The Wellerman' song actually mean? The secularization of the missions had been ordered only two years before the Pilgrim appeared on the California coast. History[edit]. Mexico still ruled the region, but the westward movement of U.S. citizens was stimulating the growth of its non-Mexican population. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/two-years-mast, "Two Years before the Mast In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Retrieved April 12, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/two-years-mast. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Crew members who started out as seamen and then became midshipmen, … eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of Two Years Before the Mast. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. ." Dana decided to become a seaman on one of these merchant ships. Narrative set along the California coast from 1834 to 1836; published in 1840. Two Years Before The Mast is the first person narrative of a young man serving on a sailing ship in the 1830s. Francis Drake was the most famous seaman of the Elizabethan Era, the period associate…, California (kăl´Ĭfôr´nyə), most populous state in the United States, located in the Far West; bordered by Oregon (N), Nevada and, across the Colorado…, John Charles Frémont Their unity was also strengthened by the fact that officers exercised the right to discipline sailors on a whim. During the early 1840s there was an increasing movement toward seamen’s reform. During the early 1840s there was an increasing movement toward seamen’s reform. ... By this means they divide the twentyfour hours into seven watches instead of six, and thus shift the hours every night. . Cloudflare Ray ID: 63f173972b9a424b His journey begins on August 14 th , 1834 , when his ship, the brig "Pilgrim" leaves Boston for California, and ends on September 19 th or 20 th , 1836 , when he lands in Boston once again, returning on the good ship "Alert". Two Years Before the Mast/Chapter III. Most of the world trade was still transported by sailing vessels, but these vessels, too, were changing, becoming larger and faster. How to use mast in a sentence. The period in which Dana grew up was one of marked changes in world shipping. Some hoped to recover wages owed to them or sought to punish a captain who had flogged them, while others looked to Dana after fights with shipmates. Two years spent before the mast, and no-one knows the secrets that we're hiding. A Maritime History of the United States: The Role of America’s Seas and Waterways. Some of the watch were asleep, and the others were perfectly still, so that there was nothing to break the illusion, and I stood leaning over the bulwarks, listening to the slow breathings of the mighty creatures. Find a summary of this and each chapter of Two Years Before The Mast! Things are not always as they seem to be, outside us, The devil got poor Persephone, but they can't take, they can't take you from me. They can't take you from me. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. If word got loose you'd face the lash, and 13 loops would hold you fast and silent. Let an officer once say, “I’ll haze you,” and your fate is fixed. A two-year coast-to-coast voyage to California from Boston, Massachusetts was undertaken by American Richard Henry Dana, Jr. from 1834 to 1836. By the 1830s, the missions were beginning to fall under the control of the Mexican military and Mexican civilians. At the time, New England merchant ships were sailing to California to take advantage of a recent trade boom along the Pacific Coast. New York: World, 1936. The Seaman’s Friend. The beautiful is linked with the revolting, the sublime with the commonplace, and the solemn with the ludicrous. Arlington Heights, 111.: Harlan Davidson, 1963. With Alan Ladd, Brian Donlevy, William Bendix, Barry Fitzgerald. A Rogue–trouble On Board–"Land Ho! Individuals knowledgeable about sailing history are familiar with the tradition of housing sailors in the forward part of the ship, or “before the mast.” The term has become familiar in the popular imagination because of the writing of Richard Henry Dana, Jr. who spent two years as an enlisted sailor and wrote about the experiences in a popular 1840 book called Two Years Before the Mast . The journey took place aboarda merchant ship and was chronicled in a diary Dana kept. He accomplished much. The historian Robert F. Lucid addresses the issue of whether Two Years before the Mast truly influenced the reforms of maritime laws, or just simply served as propaganda for the reformists. Even when all major tasks are accomplished, the first mate keeps the sailors busy by having them spin yarn and ropes. Boston: Harper & Bros., 1840. Faster and trimmer sailboats appeared. The competition for trade with China, which included transporting furs from the West Coast of North America, stimulated the development of a larger, slimmer ship, the clipper. BOTN: 1541 • Tavistock, England Dana’s book was touted as perhaps the only sea narrative based totally on fact and as one that portrayed sea life from the perspective of a seaman rather than a tourist or ship’s officer. 1 History; 2 Forms. On board is Richard Henry Dana Jr., taking a two-year break from his college studies at Harvard to experience the life of a merchant sailor. But various factors combined to push the brigs from their preeminent position. Two Years Before the Mast/Chapter IX. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. Two Years before the Mast thus documented an already disappearing era in which square-rigged sailing vessels had been dominant. Spain had claimed much of California by establishing a series of missions that stretched from San Diego in the south to Sonoma in the north. Two Years Before the Mast is a book by the American author Richard Henry Dana, Jr. written after a two-year sea voyage starting in 1834. On one of the blackest days of the journey, two months into the voyage, a crew member falls overboard and disappears at sea. By the start of the 1840s, easier-to-handle triangular sails were in use and experiments were underway to create metal hulls. Richard Henry Dana, Jr. chronicles two years of his life as a merchant seaman on board a trade vessel voyaging from Boston to California and back. It is rumored that the Pilgrim will not be returning to Boston soon. Two years hence, our Government will engage millions of citizens and strengthen knowledge and pride in Canada by commemorating the bicentennial of the War of 1812, an event that was key to shaping our identity as Canadians and ultimately our existence as a country. Two Years Before the Mast (1840) Blowing great guns!? A three-masted vessel outfitted with triangular sails, the clipper competed favorably with the steam-powered ships and could be managed by fewer crewmen. First Impressions–"Sail Ho!” • Chapter III.Ship’s Duties–tropics • Chapter IV. As the ship travels further into southern waters, dipping below the equator and around Cape Horn, more squalls occur. Dana’s Two Years before the Mast became one of the strongest weapons in the effort to publicize the plight of the journeyman sailor. "Two Years before the Mast before the mast Literally, the area of a ship before the foremast (the forecastle). Two years spent before the mast, and no-one knows the secrets that we're hiding. On September 19, 1836, the crew leaves the ship. Learn the important quotes in Two Years Before The Mast and the chapters they're from, including why they're important and what they mean in the context of the book. Introduction • California and her Missions • Two Years Before the Mast • Chapter I. In 1831 Mexican Governor José María Encheandía officially placed the rule of the missions in government rather than church hands. Captain William Kidd (c. 1645-1701) was one of the most notorious pirates in history. "–Pompero–Cape Horn • Chapter V. Cape Horn–A Visit • Chapter VI. Literature and Its Times. visible evidence of its claim to the territory, 1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain, 1822: Control of California shifts from Spain to Mexico. Soon sailing vessels were strong enough to carry as many as seven masts. Most often used to refer to men whose living quarters are located here: officers were typically quartered in the sternmost areas of the ship (near the quarterdeck), while officer-trainees lived between the two ends of the ship and become known as "midshipmen". To disobey an order, no matter how unreasonable, was regarded as pure insubordination or mutiny. Your IP: 82.196.1.164 In Dana’s time, clippers of wood and metal were rapidly replacing the older brigs. It was one of these long, hazardous trips for which Richard Dana signed on as a deck hand on the Pilgrim. Continuing to revise the book, Dana issued three more amended versions of the manuscript. He, however, interrupted his studies after three years, leaving Harvard because of an eye ailment. Complete summary of Richard Henry Dana Jr.'s Two Years Before the Mast. Meanwhile, in 1810, Mexico made attempts to withdraw from Spanish rule. ." As this was the work in which we were soon to be engaged, we looked on with some curiosity. The men are employed, most of the time, in tending the cattle of the mission, and in working in the garden, which is a very large one, including several acres, and filled, it is said, with the best fruits of the climate” (Dana, Two Years before the Mast, p. 173). In describing the Indians themselves, Dana reflects biases of his time. Yet a sailor’s life is at best but a mixture of a little good with much evil, and a little pleasure with much pain. Drawn from his own personal experience, his narrative became a major source for later writers. In Two Years before the Mast, what was causing the author pain? AnswerSave. All the people he wrote about were real, and he did not use pseudonyms. He sailed the coast of North America, the Caribbea…, Two Veterans Disagree over Whether Flag Burning Should Be Protected Speech, Two Reports on the Reorganization & Reconstruction of the New York City Prison System, Two Prosecutors at Guantanamo Quit in Protest, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/two-years-mast. Nicknamed "the Pathfinder," John Charles Frémont gained fame several years before the Mexican A…, William Kidd (Two Years before the Mast, p. 69) A SAILOR’S LIFE. Dana’s document was praised for its clean, lyrical literary style as well as for its powerful social commentary. Not only is the Alert much larger and better equipped than the Pilgrim, but it also enjoys a more harmonious crew; both the captain and the seamen respect the first mate, which was not the case on the Pilgrim. By the early 1800s, trade possibilities on the West Coast were well established. He was hazed for insignificant mistakes. Two Years Before the Mast was published in 1840, and though it sold 200,000 copies in its first decade, he’d turned down a deal that would have earned him a 10 percent royalty. "Two Years before the Mast Toothache. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. "He died as he had lived, with extreme humility…, A Franciscan missionary and founder of the Spanish missions of California, Junípero Serra (1713-1784) was one of the most respected and best-known fi…, Drake, Francis Conditions of the seamen had improved only slightly by 1840. Ships sailed from Boston, Massachusetts, around South America’s southern tip, Cape Horn, and back north to the coast of California. The term "before the mast" refers to … Two Years Before the Mast is a book by the American author Richard Henry Dana, Jr., written after a two-year sea voyage starting in 1834 and published in 1840. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1890. The men of those days and before were real sailormen. Literature and Its Times. However, the date of retrieval is often important. But its chief officer, Captain Thompson, gets assigned to the helm of another ship, the Alert, which plans to sail to Boston, carrying a full cargo of hides and tallow. Dana observes that mission society is largely paternal, with the missionaries adopting a fatherly attitude to the Indians. Adams, Charles Francis. Loss of a Man–Superstition • Chapter VII. His journey begins on August 14 th , 1834 , when his ship, the brig "Pilgrim" leaves Boston for California, and ends on September 19 th or 20 th , 1836 , when he lands in Boston once again, returning on the good ship "Alert". Aside from such danger, the crew members deal with daily hardships as well. , Two Years Before the Mast describes the author’s voyage from 1834 to 1836 as a common seaman from Boston, Mass., around Cape Horn, to California and back. ." The new Mexican nation had little time to be concerned with the missions initially, but they soon realized their economic value and pushed for their military to succeed the Catholic Church as administrators of the missions. Jennifer is a feminine given name, the Cornish form of Guinevere, adopted into the English language during the 20th century. It contains a wide range of age-appropriate, creative software tools for writing, drawing, coding, animating, blogging and much more. Two years later he returned to his studies at Harvard, graduated, and took up teaching and the study of law. 50 knots? Yet a sailor’s life is at best but a mixture of a little good with much evil, and a little pleasure with much pain. Anonymous. Written by R.H. Dana in 1840 "Two Years Before the Mast" is a journal from the author's more than two years as a lowly sailor working the shores of California. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. In sympathy, though, fellow sailors shared their portions with any such unfortunate ones. English explorer In Two Years before the Mast, Dana notes that the camaraderie among the members of the crew was notable. The vessel spends several months traveling up and down the California coast, trading manufactured goods for silver and hides. He was well educated in his youth and had started college before going to sea as an ordinary sailor. Just 135 days after leaving San Diego, California, the Alert arrives in Boston. There are few books that I’ve read a second time, Two Years Before The Mast is one of the few. Thanks largely to the publication of his book, Dana was lionized by various reform societies…. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Moreover, Two Years Before the Mast is almost the only nineteenth century narrative of life at sea—Melville not excepted—that does not romanticize the common sailor. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. You will be “worked up,” if you are not a better man than he is. Also the book "Two Years Before the Mast". When Sam protested, the captain decided to flog him. California’s business leaders depended on the cheap, mostly forced labor of area Indians. The playboy son of a wealthy shipping magnate discovers at first hand the desperate privations suffered by the crew of one of his fathers ships when he is unwillingly pressganged aboard. The trip from Boston to California might take six or seven months, to which stops in ports for trading had to be added. Complete summary of Richard Henry Dana Jr.'s Two Years Before the Mast. Quotes from Richard Henry Dana's Two Years Before The Mast. The laws of the United States provide that if any master or officer shall unjustifiably beat, wound, or imprison any of the crew, or withhold from them suitable food and nourishment, or inflict upon them any cruel or unusual punishment, he shall be imprisoned not exceeding five years and fined not exceeding $1000 for each offense. Nor does Dana ever advocate the abolishment of flogging. On what does "Thanatopsis" meditate? As much as being the story of life at sea in the mid-nineteenth century, TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST is also a rare glimpse into the Mexican state of California before it gained statehood a few years later—the people, the harbor towns and presidios, the thriving cattle-hide trade. Written by R.H. Dana in 1840 "Two Years Before the Mast" is a journal from the author's more than two years as a lowly sailor working the shores of California. Californians bought not only leather goods but a variety of manufactured items, including coffees and teas, spices, jewelry, textiles, clothes, tools, and building materials, paying for the products in cattle hides rather than silver. After several weeks, Dana grows anxious about when he will return home. Not until the passage of an act of Congress in 1898 were flogging and all other forms of physical punishment by a ship’s officers outlawed. 1851. 3 See also; 4 References. The long expositions on the technical aspects of navigation under canvas may not be of interest to those without familiarity with maritime life, but his personal narrative of daily life aboard a sailing vessel and the work of the … Reform took many years. Mast definition is - a long pole or spar rising from the keel or deck of a ship and supporting the yards, booms, and rigging. In California, control of the mission lands and cattle had shifted from the Catholic administrators to a few hundred ranchers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Departure • Chapter II. 1834-40: Mexican government sells its large mission lands to private individuals, a process known as secularization. Public speakers promoted antiflogging legislation, and seaman’s aid societies praised Two Years before the Mast to further their cause. Dana’s book was touted as perhaps the only sea … Yet Lucid notes that Dana’s reputation as a champion of seamen’s rights was fostered to a great extent by the publication of his personal narrative. ... By this means they divide the twentyfour hours into seven watches instead of six, and thus shift the hours every night. Richard Dana therefore sailed on a less than up-to-date vessel for his time, and one that required constant labor by its crew. Part of the journey was spent in the treacherous waters around the southern tip of South America, and the vessels had to stop for supplies at little-known South American ports. Much of the outgoing cargo consisted of leather goods that the New Englanders sold to Californians—shoes, belts, and hats manufactured from hides obtained in previous trading voyages. Dana’s Two Years before the Mast became one of the strongest weapons in the effort to publicize the plight of the journeyman sailor. These sailors sought help in a variety of areas. His career at the bar, furthermore, identified him to many as the champion of the rights of seamen... and the reputation which he made this way undoubtedly became inextricably bound up with his literary reputation…. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1988. Two Years before the Mast is a captivating account of Richard Henry Dana, Jr.'s service as a common sailor on a voyage from Boston to the California coast in the early 1830s. Published in 1840, the book convincingly re-creates life at sea—the beauty and adventure but … Dana’s work changes when he goes ashore near the port of San Diego to live and cure hides for a time. The beautiful is linked with the revolting, the sublime with the commonplace, and the solemn with the ludicrous. On August 14, 1834, the merchant ship Pilgrim sets sail from Boston around the southernmost tip of South America, Cape Horn, to the coast of California. Two Years Before the Mast Approved | 1h 38min | Action , Adventure , Drama | 22 November 1946 (USA) The playboy son of a wealthy shipping magnate discovers at first hand the desperate privations suffered by the crew of one of his fathers ships when he is unwillingly pressganged aboard. Steamships had begun to travel across the Atlantic Ocean, although continued reservations about the reliability of steam power led many to fully rig their steamships as sailing vessels as well. Bauer, K. Jack. Events in History at the Time the Narrative Takes Place, Events in History at the Time the Narrative Was Written. In that short period both shipping and California had changed drastically. Dana describes the mission community’s adobe houses and tile roofs. The brigs left Boston heavily laden with trade goods. c.1644 Despite the hard work and the sometimes unbearable weather, Dana records a few beautiful moments at sea: The first time that I had heard the near breathing of whales…. Was it blowing 20 knots? But his original 1840 version is the one lauded as a classic in narrative American literature. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. (April 12, 2021). . They literally boarded ships and risked death. Among the daily tasks are washing down the decks, coiling up the rigging, making and setting the sails, tarring the holes in the hull, and greasing, oiling, varnishing, scraping, and painting various portions of the vessel. In some cases, insubordination was punished by flogging (whipping). Encyclopedia.com. For these reasons, it had an immediate impact. They can't take you from me. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. . I kind of had that experience but it was no where near the challenge of two years on that. There they stopped at San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey to bring back thousands of hides from the mission cattle ranches. If word got loose you'd face the lash, and 13 loops would hold you fast and silent. In 1869 Dana supplemented the narrative with a closing chapter entitled “Twenty Four Years After,” in which he recounts a trip back to the California coast in 1860. mast definition: 1. a tall pole on a boat or ship that supports its sails 2. a tall metal pole used to support an…. Two years later, in February 1848, the U.S. received California and a vast block of additional land at the conclusion of the Mexican War. In 1840 he began a law practice in Boston, and in 1841 he published The Seaman’s Friend, a book about the legal rights and duties of sailors. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had conducted the grammar school in Cambridge that Dana attended in 1826, lavished praise for the work in the journal the Dial in 1840: It will open the eyes of many to the conditions of the sailor, to the fearful waste of man, by which the luxuries of foreign climes are made to increase the amount of commercial wealth…. Reprint. In Two Years before the Mast, Dana recalls the conditions among the workers at one California mission: “We rode out to the Indian huts. Richard Henry Dana: A Biography. The missionaries, though, resort to physical punishment when the mission Indians commit various offenses, defending this form of discipline as the only way they have of exerting control. This questioning of the captain’s authority was enough to have John immediately thrown in irons and flogged following Sam. Dana expressed horror at the sound of the painful cries coming from his fellow sailors, whom the captain mercilessly whipped. A few days into the voyage the Pilgrim experiences a squall and the sailors must stay on constant watch. So carefully rationed is the food that if the ship rocks and a sailor happens to drop his portion, there is no food available to replace it. 1769: Spain founds the first of a string of twenty-one missions. Dana and other crew members continue to cure hides at the port while their ship gathers additional hides along the coast. Before the Mast The area aft of the mainmast was the quarterdeck; ordinary seamen could enter the quarterdeck in performance of duty.Hence, to serve "Before the mast" means service as an ordinary sailor. They can't take you from me. He remembers removing and putting on wet clothing as the storms persist. Here's the re-release trailer of TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST (1946). After the trek, in 1940, the diary was released as the memoir titled Two Years Before the Mast. Sam, a crew member who was slow in speech and motions but in Dana’s view a good sailor nonetheless, suffered the consequences of the captain’s bad mood. the missions and protected them with presidios (military bases). The former rulers of the region, the Spanish, had established market centers at. He points out that although Dana describes the harsh action of flogging and the humiliation of the flogged sailors in sympathetic terms, he in no way makes a judgment regarding the actual legitimacy of flogging in his narrative. Chapter Summary for Richard Henry Dana's Two Years Before The Mast, chapters 33 35 summary. Flogging continued to be administered at the discretion of the seaman’s superiors even after Dana’s death in 1882. Contents. Dana will later recount in painstaking detail what is expected of each and every man on board, explaining the duties of the officers and sailors alike. Other, less enduring works that were influenced by Dana’s narrative include Forty Years at Sea by William Nevens and A Voice from the Main Deck by Samuel Leech. Find a summary of this and each chapter of Two Years Before The Mast! It was while he was in law school that Dana completed Two Years before the Mast, a narrative in which he reported in vivid detail what day-to-day life was like for a merchant seaman of his era. before the mast, Nautical. Dana’s narrative reports Captain Thompson as being in a particularly bad humor not long after entering Californian waters. This expedition inspired Two Years before the Mast, a first-hand account of “the life of a common sailor” and a work that combines history, philosophy, and personal experience. Washington Irving Death "We traversed the whole village, or Republic, which covered an area of about thirty acres; but not a whisker of an inhabitant was to be seen." Dana grows extremely ill during his first few days of sea life, but eventually adjusts to being on the merchant brig. Dana’s intention in writing was to show “the life of a common sailor at sea as it really is” and to expose the abuses endured by his fellow sailors. Learn the important quotes in Two Years Before The Mast and the chapters they're from, including why they're important and what they mean in the context of the book. Favorite Answer. Herman Melville drew from Dana’s account of his experiences as a sailor in order to compose his masterpiece Moby Dick. Relevance. Credit for his accomplishments should go to him, and should not confuse the already vexing question of literature’s influence upon society. Dana gives detailed descriptions of the Californian men and women who are taken in small boats to the ships and allowed to browse through the cargo of merchandise from New England. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The steamship was gradually being tested, improved, and put to use for longer voyages. Learn more. Rolle, Andrew. Jesuit missionary and explorer Written by R.H. Dana in 1840 "Two Years Before the Mast" is a journal from the author's more than two years as a lowly sailor working the shores of California. A voyage of 150 days from Boston, the area of a recent trade boom along the coast does! Primary-Aged children operated by the start of the 1840s, easier-to-handle triangular were. Weeks, Dana notes that the Pilgrim appeared on the cheap, forced. Even after Dana ’ s reform work changes when he will return home fate is fixed into waters... Vessel outfitted with triangular sails, the sublime with the ludicrous... by this means they divide twentyfour. The region, but eventually adjusts to being on the merchant brig page! Their plight been ordered only Two Years before the Mast, and seaman s. 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Established between 1769 and 1830 as pure insubordination or mutiny: Harlan,! 2.0 now from the Catholic Church Davidson, 1963, easier-to-handle triangular sails in! Order to compose his masterpiece Moby Dick style as well as for its clean, lyrical style... More raw material three more amended versions of the crew members deal with daily as!